The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and glucocorticoid responses are critical for survival from a number of bacterial, viral and toxic insults, demonstrated by the fact that removal of the HPA axis or GR blockade enhances mortality rates.Replacement with synthetic glucocorticoids Girdle reverses these effects by providing prote
The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been utilized as an effective tool to diagnose the infectious diseases of viruses.In the present work, the oscillating thermocycler is fabricated and performed to carry out the one-step RT-PCR process successfully.The ribonucleic acid (RNA) mixture is pipetted into the fixed sample vo
We present a review on the natural infection by trypanosomatids of nonhuman Show Halters vertebrates in Chile, aiming to synthesize and update the knowledge on the diversity of trypanosomatids infecting native and alien vertebrate species.To this end, we conducted a systematic review of literature records published from 1900 to April 2020 on four d
Butterflies represent one of the most popular and readily identifiable insect taxa.The annual migration of Appias spp.(Albatross butterflies) is common in the Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary (AWS), Water Pump India.During migration, the butterflies moving along the stream course often settle down in masses across a mud-puddling site.This study sheds ligh